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The paper presents results of studies on the crystallite sizes of oxide layer formed during a long-term operation on 10CrMo9-10 steel at an elevated temperature (T = 545° C, t = 200,000 h). This value was determined by a method based on analysis of the diffraction line profile, according to a Scherrer formula. The oxide layer was studied on a surface and a cross-section at the outer and inner site...
The basic dimensions and the mass of common beech nuts and seeds from five nut batches, harvested from tree stands in northern Poland, were determined. Environmental conditions had a greater influence on seed plumpness than the age of tree stands. The results of measurements were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Despite differences...
A heuristics based approach to practical solving theoretically intractable combinatory and network problems is discussed. Compound heuristics (heuristics compositions) are suggested to be more efficient procedures for real size problem instances. Some aspects of the heuristics compositions topic are illustrated by optimum permutation problems. We describe a uniform presentation of the chief types...
Merge sort algorithm is widely used in databases to organize and search for information. In the work the author describes some newly proposed not recursive version of the merge sort algorithm for large data sets. Tests of the algorithm confirm the effectiveness of the method and the stability of the proposed version.
The paper presents a computer simulation technique applied to generating the climate-weather change process at Baltic Sea restricted waters and its characteristics evaluation. The Monte Carlo method is used under the assumption of semi-Markov model of this process. A procedure and an algorithm of climate-weather change process’ realizations generating and its characteristics evaluation are proposed...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of high voltage electrical stimulation (330 V, 17 Hz, 120 s) of beef half-carcass and heat treatment on tenderness and water holding capacity of meat. The experimental material was a semimembranosus muscle derived from Polish Holstein-Friesian heifers (n=12). In the experiment, a forced and natural air circulation ovens were used; the raw material was...
The article presents data regarding scale of current production of cement and its future of sustainable construction. In the time of sustainability and Union Directives which rightly impose the reduction of emission of greenhouse gases the solution has been proposed that may in some extent contribute to reducing the cement consumption by using properly prepared recycling binder as its substitute....
The paper presents the analysis of the influence of fasteners and connections flexibility on displacements of symmetrical single-bay pitched-roof steel building, including trapezoidal cladding acting as a diaphragm. The purpose of the article was to compare numerical models with and without taking into consideration fasteners and connections flexibility in order to observe the differences in transverse...
The research focuses on the issues concerning a process of multiphase liquids transport in granular porous media driven by the capillary pressure. The current publication is meant to introduce the results of experimental research conducted to evaluate the kinetics of the imbibition and emulsions behavior inside the porous structures. Moreover, the influence of the dispersed phase concentration and...
Pellet boilers are increasingly popular on the market, largely due to the fact that their use does not demand constant control by the user, but is reduced only to replenishing fuel and cleaning the combustion chamber and heat exchanger every few days. However, this functionality creates additional costs in terms of power consumption due to the work of boiler components, such as the pellet igniter,...
Quality control at all stages of the polygraphic process will allow to establish a feedback between technological processes of printing. The validity of the selected criteria, technological effectiveness and objectivity of the quality assessment methods will allow to organise technically accurate modelling of the processes as well as to promptly interfere with the production process if necessary....
In this work results of poly(propylene) fibers (PP), from recycling process, added into concrete mixture based on portland cement was characterized. The main purpose of this research was to identify direct influence of the fibers addition on the concrete mechanical strength. The recipe of the concrete was prepared using three types of aggregates with different grain size: 0.125–0.250, 0.250–0.500...
This paper presents the results of individual laboratory tests conducted in the Research and Experiment Facility of the University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, in particular of tests conducted on pastes of low water-binder ratios (from 0.2 to standard water demand (Mrozik 2012)). The purpose of this document is to examine the effect of the applied admixtures (plasticizer or superplasticizer)...
Baker’s yeast beyond the traditional use in the food industry may be used to carry out biotransformations. The effectiveness of yeast as biocatalysts is based on the presence of large amounts of intracellular enzymes, whose efficiency can be repeatedly increased by permeabilization. It is the process of increasing the permeability of cell walls and membranes in order to facilitate reagents access...
Tire, an element of wheel, is made in a sophisticated vulcanization process of many components and some of which such as: bead wire, belt and carcass exhibit ferromagnetic properties. Such components create variable in direction and intensity magnetic field, which expands around tire and the complete wheel. Since the layout of magnetic field is exceptional for every single wheel many of information...
To assess the comfort of use of the structures designed for human use during its vibrations it is necessary to know the requirement of the comfort criteria for the specific type of the structure. In the paper the issue of evaluation of the footbridges vibrations acceptability along with proposal of comfort criteria for the footbridges elaborated on the basis of survey researches were presented. The...
This paper presents general solution of boundary value problem for constant cross-section Timoshenko beams with four typical boundary conditions. The authors have taken into consideration rotational inertia and shear strain by using the theory of influence by Cauchy function and characteristic series. The boundary value problem of transverse vibration has been formulated and solved. The characteristic...
Drying of food is perhaps the oldest method of food preservation. The aim of this study the analysis of the effect of changing the slope angle of trays in a tunnel dryer model on the drying rate. Real experiments were carried out for trays’ slopes of 0, 5, 10 and 15°. Carrots’ cubes were dried at a constant temperature of 60°C, with air flow velocity of 1.2 m/s. Also this process was simulated using...
This article presents a proposal for recognizing the weather and part of a day in digital photos encoded in the bitmap format, based on auctorial edge detection algorithm of horizon to demarcate the sky and k-nearest neighbours algorithm, to classify the daytime in the picture as “day” or “night” and to classify the weather as “sunny” or “cloudy”. To verify the effectiveness of the classification...
This paper is a continuation of research concerning gas-solid flow modelling using the Euler-Lagrange approach in a spout-fluid bed apparatus. The major challenge in this case was to determine the friction coefficient for particles hitting against the walls of the apparatus. On the basis of the properties of similar materials the value of this quantity was estimated at 0.2. Therefore, it proved useful...
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